cognitive ability
- Cognitive ability is the ability to carry out mental processes such as perception, memory, and problem solving.is influenced by both genetics and environment
- T-type mutation in DNA region rs1228977Research shows that people with a tendency to have higher cognitive ability
- surface area of cerebral cortexPeople with a wide range of intelligence tend to have better IQ and memory, and the frontal and parietal lobes are particularly involved.
Overview Cognitive ability refers to a person's ability to perform mental processes. This includes perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, decision making, and more. This ability requires skills and abilities to acquire, process, and apply information in a variety of situations. Cognitive abilities are influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors. Recent research has focused on the relationship between the surface area of the cerebral cortex and cognitive ability. The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of the brain and is involved in high-level cognitive functions. Research shows that people with larger cerebral cortical surface areas tend to exhibit better cognitive abilities, including higher intelligence quotients (IQs), better memory, and executive function. In particular, cortical areas such as the frontal and parietal lobes are involved in complex cognitive processes. The association between cerebral cortex surface area and cognitive ability is thought to be influenced by genetic factors. Research shows that this association also tends to be genetic. Additionally, environmental factors can also play a role. For example, things like education and socioeconomic status can influence cortical development and cognitive outcomes. However, cortical surface area is only one of the neural indicators associated with cognitive performance, and other factors are also important. For example, cortical thickness, brain volume, and neural connectivity also influence cognitive performance. The relevance also varies depending on the individual and the specific cognitive domain. Understanding the relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive performance will help us understand brain development, aging, and disorders that affect cognitive function. Future research may provide insights to optimize cognitive performance and provide effective countermeasures for people with cognitive impairment. A study by van der Meer et al. at the University of Oslo revealed that cognitive ability is associated with a DNA region called rs1228977. There are three genotypes in this DNA region: GG, GT, and TT, and it was found that people with the T genotype tend to have higher cognitive abilities.
What is cognitive ability?
Cognitive ability is the ability of a person to carry out mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, and decision making.It involves the skills of acquiring, processing, and applying information in a variety of situations.
What factors affect cognitive ability?
Cognitive ability is influenced by three factors:
- Genetic factors:Genes such as DNA region rs1228977 are involved in cognitive ability
- Environmental factors:Education and socio-economic status influence cortical development and cognitive outcomes
- Developmental factors:Formation of neural circuits during brain development affects cognitive performance
Relationship between cerebral cortex surface area and cognitive ability
People with larger cerebral cortical surface areas tend to have higher intelligence quotients (IQs), better memory, and executive function.
- Frontal lobe:Involved in planning, decision making, and working memory
- Parietal lobe:Involved in spatial cognition and attention control
Research has shown that there is a strong genetic link between the surface area of the cerebral cortex and cognitive ability.
Comparison of neural indicators related to cognitive abilities
| neural indicators | Relationship with cognitive ability | Features |
|---|---|---|
| surface area of cerebral cortex | strong positive correlation | Related to IQ, memory, and executive function |
| cortical thickness | moderate correlation | Affects local cognitive function |
| brain volume | positive correlation | Affects overall cognitive performance |
| neural connectivity | positive correlation | Affects information processing speed and efficiency |
Significance and future prospects of cognitive ability research
Understanding the relationship between cortical surface area and cognitive performance will contribute to the following areas:
- Elucidation of brain development mechanisms
- Understanding age-related cognitive decline
- Development of effective measures against cognitive impairment
The relationship between genes and cognitive ability
Relationship between DNA region rs1228977 and cognitive ability
A study by van der Meer et al. (2021) from the University of Oslo found that the DNA region rs1228977 is associated with cognitive ability.
- There are three genotypes of rs1228977: GG, GT, and TT.
- Genotype with T-type mutationpeople tend to have higher cognitive abilities
Genotype distribution in Japanese (rs1228977)
| Genotype | Percentage of Japanese people | percentage of the world |
|---|---|---|
| GG type | 14.4％ | 37.3％ |
| GT type | 47.1％ | 47.5％ |
| TT type | 38.4％ | 15.1％ |
In Japan, 38.4% of people have the TT type, which is higher than the world average (15.1%), and they tend to have a high prevalence of the T type mutation.
Rationale for testing
Surface DNA region: cognitive ability
The gene region that most strongly influences cognitive ability is rs1228977. The distribution of isomorphic genotypes in Japan is as follows.
- GG 14.4 %
- GT 47.1 %
- TT 38.4 %
Another gene region involved in cognitive ability is rs4273712. The distribution of isomorphic genotypes in Japan is as follows
- AA 25.9 %
- AG 49.9 %
- GG 24.0 %
Another gene region related to cognitive ability is rs78783493. The distribution of isomorphic genotypes in Japan is as follows
- CC 99.9 %
- CT 0.0 %
- TT 0.0 %
Basis for inspection
A study by van der Meer et al. at the University of Oslo revealed that cognitive ability is linked to genes. There is a region called rs1228977 in the human genome, and there are two types of mutations, G and T, in the gene in this region. It was found that people with the T mutation tend to have higher cognitive abilities.
The DNA region investigated this time
Schematic diagram of DNA map present in cells
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Related genes
| Related genes | SEMA3A |
|---|---|
| Related genes | YAP1P3 |
| Related genes | FAM178B |
Frequently asked questions (FAQ)
Q1. What is cognitive ability?
Cognitive ability is the ability to carry out mental processes such as perception, attention, memory, language, problem solving, and decision making.It is influenced by genetic, environmental, and developmental factors, and has a strong relationship with the surface area of the cerebral cortex.
Q2. What is the relationship between cognitive ability and genes?
According to research by van der Meer et al. at the University of Oslo,DNA region rs1228977 is associated with cognitive abilityIt turns out that. People with the T mutation genotype tend to have higher cognitive abilities.
Q3. What is the relationship between the surface area of the cerebral cortex and cognitive ability?
People with larger cerebral cortex surface areas tend to have higher IQs and better memory and executive function.There is. In particular, cortical areas in the frontal and parietal lobes are involved in complex cognitive processes.
Q4. Is there a way to improve cognitive ability?
Cognitive ability is influenced by genetic factors, butEnvironmental factors such as education, socio-economic status, and living environmentalso influences cortical development and cognitive outcomes. An appropriate educational environment and continuation of intellectual activities are effective in maintaining and improving cognitive ability.
References
- Reference link 1: 2021 Dec., Dennis van der Meer, Sci Adv
- Reference link 2: 2020 Mar., Katrina L Grasby, Science