cardio fitness

• Cardiopulmonary fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to efficiently deliver oxygen throughout the body.This is directly linked to endurance and stamina.
• AA type of ADRB2 gene (rs1042713)People with this condition have high cardiopulmonary function and are suitable for endurance sports.
• By checking the genotype,Training methods and sports that suit youIt becomes possible to select

Overview Cardiopulmonary function refers to the function of the heart and lungs. The lungs take in oxygen, and the heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body, making it possible to efficiently utilize the oxygen taken into the body to generate energy. It is said that people with excellent cardiopulmonary function are able to endure long periods of exercise and have stamina. Training is attracting attention as a way to improve cardiopulmonary function, but it has become clear that it is also influenced by genes. A study conducted mainly at the Technical University of Munich in Germany has reported that a specific type of gene called ADRB2 has a significant impact on human cardiopulmonary function. By examining your own genetic type, you can learn about your genetic tendencies towards cardiovascular function. Why not check your own genetic type with a genetic test and find a training method to improve your cardiopulmonary function? Rationale A joint study led by the Technical University of Munich in Germany revealed that there are differences in cardiopulmonary function depending on the specific type of ADRB2 gene. (Reference link 1) The specific region of this gene has the name "rs1042713". There are three types of this genotype: AA, GA, and GG. AA type people tend to have high cardiorespiratory function, while GG type people tend to show general cardiorespiratory function. Among Japanese people, the most common genetic type is the GA type, followed by the GG type, and the least common is the AA type. (Reference link 2) AA type people, who tend to have high cardiopulmonary function, have high endurance and are less likely to get tired. When your heart and lungs are strong, you can use the oxygen you take into your body to efficiently burn energy sources such as carbohydrates and fats. Therefore, it is said to be suitable for sports such as long-distance marathons, swimming, and mountain climbing. In this way, by scientifically confirming genetic tendencies regarding cardiopulmonary function, you may be able to choose sports and hobbies that suit you. Mechanism of action The ADRB2 gene (β2 adrenergic receptor gene), which is associated with human cardiopulmonary function, is located on chromosome 5 of 24 chromosomes. This gene is mainly found in the heart, blood vessels, bronchi, and fat, and is involved in the function of dilating blood vessels and bronchi. In fact, a study conducted at the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy in the United States revealed that a specific type of ADRB2 gene promotes cardiac output, vasodilation, and bronchodilation in response to exercise stress. (Reference link 3) Furthermore, since the ADRB2 gene is also present in fat, it has been suggested that it is related to obesity, a lifestyle-related disease. According to a report by Takuya Imato and colleagues from the Obesity-Related Genetic Polymorphism and Environmental Factors Team, people with a mutation in the ADRB2 gene have a 100kcal increase in their resting basal metabolic rate, which makes them difficult to gain weight. (Reference link 4) As mentioned above, "rs1042713" is one of the SNPs that is attracting attention because it is related to physical abilities such as cardiopulmonary function and the constitution of obesity.

Cardiopulmonary fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to efficiently utilize the oxygen taken into the body to generate energy.The lungs take in oxygen and the heart pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body, which determines endurance and stamina.

What are the characteristics of people with high cardiopulmonary function?

People with good cardiorespiratory fitness have the following characteristics:

• Can withstand long-term aerobic exercise:Appropriate for endurance sports such as marathons, swimming, and mountain climbing.
• High energy metabolism efficiency:Capable of efficiently burning carbohydrates and fats
• Fast recovery from fatigue:High oxygen supply capacity allows for faster recovery after exercise

Factors determining cardiorespiratory fitness

Cardiovascular fitness is determined by the following factors:

• Genetic factors:ADRB2 gene (rs1042713) affects cardiopulmonary function
• Training:Continuing aerobic exercise improves cardiopulmonary function
• Age:Cardiopulmonary function tends to decline with age
• Lifestyle:Smoking and lack of exercise reduce cardiopulmonary function

Relationship between ADRB2 gene (rs1042713) and cardiopulmonary function

A joint research led by the Technical University of Munich in Germany revealed that there are differences in cardiopulmonary function depending on the genotype of the ADRB2 gene (rs1042713).(Reference link 1)

• There are three genotypes of rs1042713: AA, GA, and GG.
• AA type:Tendency to have high cardiopulmonary function (high endurance and less fatigue)
• GA type:moderate cardiorespiratory fitness
• GG type:Tendency to show general cardiorespiratory fitness

Genotype distribution in Japanese (rs1042713)

Among Japanese people, the GA type is the most common at 49.3%, followed by the GG type (31.1%) and the AA type (19.5%). (Reference link 2)

Mechanism of action of ADRB2 gene

The ADRB2 gene (β2 adrenergic receptor gene) is located on chromosome 5 and is present in the heart, blood vessels, bronchi, and fat.The main features are:

• Increased cardiac output:Increase blood pumping from the heart during exercise
• Vasodilation:Increases blood flow and promotes oxygen supply
• Bronchodilation:improve breathing efficiency

Research at the University of Arizona's Department of Pharmacy has confirmed that a specific type of ADRB2 gene promotes cardiac output, vasodilation, and bronchodilation in response to exercise stress. (Reference link 3)

Is there a connection between cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity?

The ADRB2 gene is also present in adipose tissue and has been shown to be associated with obesity.

• People with a mutation in the ADRB2 geneBasal metabolic rate at rest is approximately 100kcal higher
• Due to high basal metabolic rateConstitution that makes it difficult to gain weightis said to be

This is data reported by Takuya Imato et al. of Fukuoka University. (Reference link 4)

High cardiorespiratory functionAA typeThe following sports are suitable for people with:

• Long distance marathon:Long-distance driving that takes advantage of endurance
• Swimming:Harnesses total body endurance and respiratory efficiency
• Climbing:High oxygen efficiency supports high-altitude activities
• Cycling:Representative of aerobic exercise

By scientifically confirming genetic trends in cardiopulmonary function, you can use it as an indicator to choose sports and hobbies that suit you.

Basis for inspection

Collaborative research led by the Technical University of Munich in Germany has revealed that the genotype of the ADRB2 gene (rs1042713) is associated with cardiopulmonary function. People with blood type AA tend to have good cardiorespiratory fitness, while those with blood type GG tend to have general cardiorespiratory fitness. (Reference link 1)

In addition, rs1042713 is not only effective for cardiopulmonary function, but also forFeatured SNPs related to obesity and basal metabolic rateIt is positioned as. (Reference link 4)

Q1. What is cardiopulmonary fitness?

Cardiopulmonary fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to work together to efficiently deliver oxygen throughout the body.People with good cardiorespiratory fitness can endure long periods of aerobic exercise and have good endurance. There are individual differences depending on the genotype of the ADRB2 gene (rs1042713).

Q2. How do genes influence cardiorespiratory fitness?

Through research at the Technical University of Munich in Germany,People with the AA type of ADRB2 gene (rs1042713) have high cardiopulmonary functionIt has been reported that there is a trend. Among Japanese people, GA type is the most common type at 49.3%, and AA type at 19.5%. (Reference link 1)

Q3. What are the training methods to improve cardiorespiratory fitness?

Aerobic exercise such as long-distance marathons, swimming, and mountain climbingis effective for improving cardiovascular function. It is important to set the exercise intensity according to your genotype, and people with type AA blood type are said to be suitable for high-intensity endurance training.

Q4. What is the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and obesity?

The ADRB2 gene is also present in adipose tissue and is associated with obesity.People with a mutation in the ADRB2 gene have a resting basal metabolic rate about 100 kcal higher.It has been confirmed that they have a constitution that makes it difficult to gain weight. (Reference link 4)